Neoadjuvant therapy refers to the administration of therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapy or radiation, before the primary treatment for cancer. In the context of bladder cancer, neoadjuvant therapy is typically used before surgery (radical cystectomy) with the goal of shrinking the tumor and improving the chances of successful surgical removal.

For bladder cancer specifically, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a common approach. This involves giving chemotherapy drugs to the patient before surgery. The aim is to reduce the size of the tumor, treat any potential micro metastases (small cancer deposits that may have spread beyond the bladder but are not detectable by imaging), and enhance the effectiveness of the subsequent surgery.

The most common neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen for bladder cancer involves a combination of drugs like cisplatin, gemcitabine, and sometimes other agents. The decision to use neoadjuvant therapy, the specific drugs, and the duration of treatment are determined by the patient's overall health, the stage of the cancer, and other individual factors.

Neoadjuvant therapy has been shown to improve outcomes in some cases by increasing the likelihood of complete tumor removal during surgery and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. However, it may not be suitable for all patients, and the decision to use neoadjuvant therapy is typically made based on a careful assessment of the individual's case by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals.

It's important to note that medical practices and recommendations may evolve over time, so it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for the most up-to-date information regarding neoadjuvant therapy for bladder cancer.