Lymph node removal is an important aspect of the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer because it helps determine the extent of the disease and guides treatment decisions. The presence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes indicates that the cancer has the potential to spread to other parts of the body, affecting the prognosis and influencing the choice of treatment.

Here's why lymph node removal is significant:

1. **Staging:** Lymph nodes act as filters for the lymphatic system, and cancer cells can travel through the lymphatic vessels to reach these nodes. By examining the lymph nodes, particularly those near the breast, doctors can stage the cancer to determine how far it has progressed. Staging helps in planning appropriate treatment strategies.

2. **Treatment Planning:** The information obtained from lymph node removal helps oncologists decide on the most effective treatment plan. If cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, more aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended to target potential cancer cells that have migrated beyond the breast.

3. **Prognosis:** The presence or absence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes is a crucial factor in predicting the patient's prognosis. If cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, the risk of recurrence or metastasis is generally higher, and the overall prognosis may be less favorable.

However, the removal of lymph nodes can have implications for the body and quality of life:

1. **Lymphedema:** One of the common side effects of lymph node removal is the risk of developing lymphedema, which is the swelling of the arm on the side of the surgery. This occurs because the removal of lymph nodes disrupts the normal flow of lymphatic fluid. It can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.

2. **Impaired Immune System:** The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the immune system. Removing lymph nodes may compromise the body's ability to filter and fight infections. This can make individuals more susceptible to certain illnesses.

3. **Restricted Arm Movement:** Lymph node removal, especially in the axillary (armpit) region, can lead to reduced range of motion in the arm on the affected side. Physical therapy and exercises are often recommended to help regain strength and flexibility.

4. **Psychological Impact:** The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, including lymph node removal, can have a significant psychological impact. It may cause anxiety, depression, or other emotional challenges. Support from healthcare professionals, family, and friends is essential during this time.

It's important to note that advancements in breast cancer treatment and surgical techniques aim to minimize the impact of lymph node removal on a person's life. Additionally, not all breast cancer surgeries involve the removal of lymph nodes, and alternative approaches, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy, are sometimes used to assess lymph node involvement with less disruption to the lymphatic system. The decision on whether to remove lymph nodes depends on various factors, including the stage and characteristics of the cancer.