Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Cancer

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Cancer

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal sinuses cancer is a type of disease in which malignant cancer cells forms in the tissue of the paranasal and nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is located behind the nose where air passes its way to the throat while the paranasal sinus is an air-filled area that surrounds the nasal cavity.

Types of the Nasal cavity and Paranasal sinuses cancer

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses have several types of tissues and each tissue has different types of cells such as –

• Squamous epithelial cells
• Minor salivary gland cells
• Nerve cells
• Infection-fighting cells called lymphocytes
• Blood vessel cells

 

If you’ve concerns regarding your treatments and disorders then you can connect to Uhapo’s contact page – https://www.uhapo.co.in/contact/ or 24/7 Support Number +91-9137-44-1392 for supportive care regarding your necessary issues with cancer.

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Cancer

 

These cells can develop different types of cancer depending on the abnormality such as –

1. Squamous cell carcinoma – It makes up the thin surface layer of the structures of the head and neck.
2. Adenocarcinoma – It begins in gland cells and is the second most common type of nasal and paranasal cancer.
3. Melanoma – It accounts for 1% of tumors found in the body. It develops from the cells called melanocytes.
4. Inverted papilloma – These are wart-like growths that may develop into squamous cell carcinoma.
5. Lymphoma – It forms in the lymph tissue in the lining of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
6. Sarcoma – It develops in the muscle, connective tissue, or bone.

Risk factors 

Risk factors that can increase your chances of getting a nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer are –

1. Tobacco – Tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff can increase your chances of getting head and neck cancer by up to 85%.
2. Alcohol – Regular and excessive consumption of alcohol can increase your risk of getting head and neck cancer.

Other risk factors that can certainly raise your chances of nasal and paranasal sinus cancer are –

1. Gender – It is most likely to occur twice in men than in women.
2. Age – People in the age group of above 45 yrs are more prone to developing nasal and paranasal cancer.
3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – Sexual activity with someone who has the HPV virus is the most common way someone gets HPV. People with the HPV virus have low immunity and therefore, they are more prone to these types of cancer.
4. Air pollution – Pollution may increase a person’s risk of developing nasal cavities and paranasal cancer.

Signs and symptoms 

It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of this cancer so that it can be detected early and treated effectively. Common signs and symptoms include –

• Persistent nasal congestion
• Facial pain
• Headache
• Facial swelling
• Nosebleeds
• Vision changes
• Difficulty in swallowing or chewing
• Numbness or pain in parts of the face
• Hearing loss
• Enlarging of lymph nodes
• Pain in ears
• Loss of hearing
• Loosening or numbness of teeth
• Bulging of one eye
• Trouble in opening the mouth
• Watery eyes

If you experience any of these symptoms for more than two weeks it is important to seek medical help immediately. Early diagnosis can lead to better outcomes for patients in finding better cures.

Diagnosis

The tests performed for effective diagnosis of the nasal cavity and paranasal virus are –

1. Physical examination – The doctor examines for lumps in and around the lumps, neck, gums, and cheeks area. During the examination, a doctor may also inspect the nose, mouth, throat, and tongue for abnormalities.
2. Biopsy – It is a small amount of tissue examination on the pain area for a definite diagnosis.
3. Endoscopy – It allows the doctor to see the inside of the body with a thin, flexible tube called endoscopy. It is inserted through the mouth or nose for examining of head and neck area.
4. X-ray – It creates a picture of the inside of the body using radiation. It examines the sinuses if they are filled with harmful substances.
5. MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) – It uses magnetic fields to produce detailed images of the body around the eye in its socket and part of the brain near the sinuses.
6. Bone scan – To check if cancer has spread to the bones. A radioactive tracer is injected into the patient’s veins for a detailed view of the bone area.
7. PET scan – It is a way to create pictures of organs and tissues inside the body. A small amount of radioactive substance is injected inside the patient’s body for examination.

Types of Treatment

The treatment options available for these types of cancer are –

1. Surgery – It is performed to remove a tumor in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. The various types of surgery performed for these type of cancer is excision, maxillectomy, endoscopic sinus, neck dissection, or reconstructive surgery.

• Excision – An operation is performed to remove the cancerous tumor at the targeted area.
• Maxillectomy – It is a surgery where the affected part of the hard palate in the roof of the mouth is removed and replaced with prostheses for the proper functioning of the mouth area.
• Endoscopic sinus – A thin, telescopic tube is inserted to remove the tumor of the nasal cavity or sinus.
• Neck dissection – A surgical procedure to remove lymph nodes in the neck area.
• Reconstructive surgery – If a vast or major region is removed then an artificial replacement is provided through reconstructive surgery.

2. Radiation therapy – It uses high-energy x-rays to destroy cancer cells in the body. It can also be given in combination with chemotherapy for effective results.
3. Chemotherapy – It uses drugs to kill cancer cells stopping them from growing, multiplying, and dividing to avoid further spread.
4. Immunotherapy – It uses the patient’s own immune system to boost the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer. It can also use materials made in a laboratory to restore or improve the body’s functionality. 

  

If you’ve concerns regarding your treatments and disorders then you can connect to Uhapo’s contact page – https://www.uhapo.co.in/contact/ or 24/7 Support Number +91-9137-44-1392 for supportive care regarding your necessary issues with cancer.