Cervical Cancer Awareness Month

Cervical Cancer Awareness Month is typically observed in January each year. We dedicate this month to raise awareness about cervical cancer, its risk factors, prevention, and early detection. The campaign specifically aims to educate people about the importance of regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccinations which play a crucial role in preventing cervical cancer.

During Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, Uhapo Health Services hosts events, campaigns, and educational programs to encourage women to prioritize their reproductive health by discussing screening options with healthcare providers and promoting the importance of HPV vaccination for both males and females.

Need for Cervical Cancer Awareness

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the woman’s cervix. It is the fourth most common cancer in women globally affecting approximately 6,40,000 people in 2020. The cancer of the cervix uteri is the 3rd most common cancer in India, with an incidence rate of 18.3% and the second leding cause of death. It is accounted for 6-29% of all cancers among women. The majority of cervical cancer cases are detected at an advanced stage which reduces the survival rate among individuals by leading to severe health illnesses. So, cervical cancer awareness is extremely crucial for preventing the disease, reducing global health disparities, empowering individuals with knowledge, and advocating them for research and resources to combat this common and potentially devastating health issue.

Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer may not always present noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Regular screenings and Pap smears are essential for early detection. However, as the cancer progresses, individuals may experience the following signs and symptoms –

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

• Bleeding between menstrual periods.
• Menstrual bleeding that is heavier or lasts longer than usual.
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse.
• Postmenopausal bleeding.

Pelvic Pain

• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Pelvic pain is not associated with menstruation or intercourse.

Unusual Vaginal Discharge

• Increased vaginal discharge that may be watery, bloody, or have a foul odor.

Pain During Urination

• Pain or discomfort during urination, although this is less common.

Back Pain or Pelvic Pain

• Persistent pain in the lower back, pelvis, or abdomen.

Fatigue

• Unexplained and persistent fatigue.

Weight Loss

• Unintended weight loss without changes in diet or physical activity.

However, these symptoms can be caused by various conditions, and experiencing them doesn’t necessarily mean a person has cervical cancer. If any of these signs persist or if there are concerns, it is important to seek prompt medical attention for a thorough evaluation. Regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV tests, are crucial for detecting cervical abnormalities early on.

Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer risk factors can be categorized into several key areas, encompassing both behavioral and biological factors. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for taking proactive measures to prevent and detect cervical cancer early. Here’s an overview –

Lack of HPV Vaccination

• Not receiving the HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer. The vaccine is most effective when administered before sexual activity begins.

Smoking

• Long-term cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. The harmful substances in tobacco may affect the cells of the cervix.

Weakened Immune System

• Conditions or treatments that suppress the immune system, such as HIV infection, organ transplantation, or long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs, can increase susceptibility to cervical cancer.

Long-Term Use of Oral Contraceptives

• Women who have used birth control pills for an extended period may have a slightly increased risk of cervical cancer.

Multiple Sexual Partners

• Having multiple sexual partners or having sexual partners who have had multiple partners increases the risk of exposure to HPV.

Early Sexual Activity

• Engaging in sexual activity at an early age increases the risk of HPV exposure, as younger individuals may have a higher likelihood of encountering the virus.

Family History of Cervical Cancer

• Having a first-degree relative (mother or sister) with a history of cervical cancer may slightly increase the risk. This could be due to shared genetic or environmental factors.

DES Exposure

• Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero have an increased risk of developing a rare type of cervical cancer known as clear cell adenocarcinoma.

Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer

Prevention and early detection are key strategies in the fight against cervical cancer. By adopting proactive measures and undergoing regular screenings, individuals can reduce their risk and increase the likelihood of successful treatment if cancer is detected. Here are essential steps for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer –

Prevention

• HPV Vaccination – Get vaccinated against high-risk HPV types, ideally before becoming sexually active.
• Safe Sexual Practices – Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
• Quit Smoking – Quit smoking to lower the risk of cervical cancer.
• Regular Check-ups – Attend routine health check-ups and gynecological exams for early detection of any abnormalities.

Early Detection

• Pap Smears – Schedule regular Pap smears to detect abnormal cervical cells early.
• HPV Tests – Consider HPV testing, especially for women aged 30 and older, to identify high-risk HPV types.
• Screening Schedule – Adhere to recommended screening schedules based on age and health history.
• Symptom Recognition – Be aware of symptoms like abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain and seek prompt medical attention.
• Community Education – Participate in community health programs, share information, and encourage others to prioritize cervical health.

By combining preventive measures with regular screenings and community education, individuals can take proactive steps toward preventing cervical cancer and ensuring early detection if needed.

Breaking Down Barriers

Breaking down barriers in cervical cancer involves a comprehensive approach to overcome obstacles hindering prevention and care. For that certain measures need to be undertaken that involves –

• Initiatives must prioritize educational campaigns to enhance awareness, especially in underserved communities. 
• Economic challenges demand advocacy for subsidized or free HPV vaccinations and screenings. 
• Improving healthcare infrastructure and implementing mobile health clinics can address geographical barriers, ensuring accessibility to screenings in remote areas.
• Empowering women through education and community engagement addresses gender-based barriers. 
• Language and literacy challenges can be addressed by providing materials in local languages and utilizing visual aids.
• Combating fear and misinformation involves targeted campaigns emphasizing the benefits of early detection. 
• Advocacy for widespread HPV vaccination programs, negotiating lower vaccine costs, and policy changes are essential to ensure equitable access to cervical cancer prevention and care.

The Power of Regular Screenings

Regular screenings for cervical cancer are a powerful tool in early detection and prevention. Through tests like Pap smears and HPV screenings, abnormalities are identified at early stages, enabling timely intervention. This early detection not only increases treatment success rates but also prevents the progression to invasive cancer.

Ultimately, the power of regular screenings lies in their ability to detect, address, and in many cases, prevent the development of cervical cancer, making them a cornerstone in the fight against this disease.

Spread the Word

By actively spreading the word about cervical cancer through social media platforms and community outreach we can help educate the public, raise funds for research, and ultimately contribute to improved outcomes for those affected by this disease. Every effort counts in the fight against cervical cancer.