Radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, is a common treatment modality for lung cancer. It involves using high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Radiation therapy can be used in various ways to treat lung cancer, and its use depends on factors such as the type and stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the treatment goals.

Methods of Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer:

1. External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT):

   • This is the most common type of radiation therapy. It involves directing radiation beams from outside the body using a machine called a linear accelerator.
   • EBRT is typically delivered in daily sessions over several weeks to ensure the cancer cells are effectively targeted while minimizing damage to nearby healthy tissues.

2. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT):

   • SBRT, also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), delivers high doses of radiation in a few (usually 3-5) treatment sessions.
   • It's used for small, early-stage lung tumors and is precise in targeting the tumor while sparing nearby healthy tissue.

3. Proton Therapy:

   • Proton therapy is a type of EBRT that uses protons rather than X-rays to deliver radiation.
   • Protons can be more precisely targeted and may be considered for certain cases to reduce radiation exposure to surrounding tissues.

When to Use Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy can be used at different stages of lung cancer treatment:

1. Curative Intent: Radiation therapy can be used with the goal of curing the cancer, often in combination with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. It's commonly used for early-stage lung cancer or as part of definitive treatment for some locally advanced cancers.

2. Palliative Care: For advanced-stage or metastatic lung cancer, radiation therapy can be used to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. It can help shrink tumors that are causing discomfort or obstructing airways.

3. Adjuvant Therapy: Radiation therapy may be given after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of local recurrence.

Side Effects of Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy can cause side effects, which can vary depending on the dose, location, and duration of treatment. Common side effects include:

• Fatigue: Many patients experience fatigue during and after treatment.
• Skin Changes: Skin in the treatment area might become red, dry, and sensitive.
• Difficulty Swallowing: If the esophagus is exposed to radiation, swallowing difficulties can occur.
• Cough or Shortness of Breath: These can be caused by inflammation in the lungs.
• Nausea: Some patients may experience nausea if the stomach is in the radiation field.
• Hair Loss: Hair loss is specific to the treatment area.
• Long-Term Effects: In some cases, radiation therapy can lead to long-term effects, such as scarring of lung tissue or heart problems, especially if the heart is in the radiation field.

Radiation oncologists work closely with patients to manage side effects and ensure the best treatment outcomes. Before starting radiation therapy, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, and the treatment plan is tailored to their specific needs. Patients are encouraged to discuss potential benefits, risks, and side effects with their healthcare team to make informed decisions about their treatment.