Yes, lung cancer can affect non-smokers, and there are several risk factors that can contribute to the development of lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked. While smoking remains the leading cause of lung cancer, non-smokers can also be diagnosed with the disease. Here are some primary risk factors for non-smokers developing lung cancer:

1. Secondhand Smoke Exposure:

• Exposure to secondhand smoke, also known as passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke, is a significant risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers. Inhaling the smoke from other people's tobacco products can increase the risk of lung cancer.

2. Radon Exposure:

• Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can be found in soil and rock. Prolonged exposure to high levels of radon gas, especially in indoor environments, is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

3. Occupational Exposure to Carcinogens:

• Exposure to carcinogenic substances in certain occupational settings, such as asbestos, arsenic, diesel exhaust, and some chemicals used in industries like mining, construction, and manufacturing, can elevate the risk of lung cancer among non-smokers.

4. Air Pollution:

• Prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and other harmful pollutants, has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer among non-smokers.

5. Genetic Factors:

• Certain genetic mutations and familial predispositions can play a role in the development of lung cancer in non-smokers. Genetic factors might make some individuals more susceptible to the disease.

6. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT):

• Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women, particularly when combined with smoking, has been associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer.

7. Personal and Family History:

• Individuals with a family history of lung cancer might have a slightly higher risk, regardless of smoking status. Similarly, a personal history of other cancers could influence lung cancer risk.

8. Cooking Fumes:

• Inhalation of cooking fumes, especially those generated from cooking oil and high-temperature frying, can contribute to lung cancer risk among non-smokers.

It's important to note that while these risk factors increase the likelihood of lung cancer among non-smokers, they do not guarantee its development. Lung cancer is a complex disease influenced by multiple factors. If you are a non-smoker and have concerns about your lung cancer risk, it's advisable to discuss these concerns with a healthcare provider. Early detection, awareness of risk factors, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are important for reducing the risk of lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers.